The success of the science dynastic science science

The birth of modern medical science, born from the womb of Islamic civilization. In other words, Islam became the main foundation of the birth of modern medical science. Medicine found the scientific side and achieved its progress in the Abbasid Daula. The progress of the civilization achieved by the Abbasid Dynasty is essentially not coming from a vacuum, but at the most important point which is the fruit of the influence of concepts in the teachings of Islam itself.

Progress in medical science during the Abbasid dynasty is not without reason. There are many factors through the roles and policies carried out by the Kholifah in developing medical science. As well as the role carried out by scientists and also scholars who have a major contribution in the development of medical science during the Abbasid dynasty.

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This paper intends to look at what are the main subjects of medical science during the heyday of the Abbasid Daula. In this paper we can see what the factors that support the development of medical science in the heyday of the Abbasid Daula, as well as what are the breakthroughs carried out by the Abbasid Dynasty to medical science can develop rapidly so that it can be called the main foundation of modern medicine. In this context, there are several important factors that we need to know, namely:

1. Translation of classical work and high education system

The Abbasid Dynasty established various famous medical education centers, such as Jundi Shapur which was the first medical university founded by Muslims (Karimi & Borhani Haghighi, 2012) located in Persia (now Iran). The university was founded during the Al-Mansur Caliph and became a very systematic medical education center. Then there is the bimaristan al-Mansur in Baghdad. (Al-Qadahat, 2019) In addition to treating patients, bimaristan is a training ground for doctors and other medical personnel. These educational centers became an important place for the development of medical science at that time.

Behind the establishment of the world’s first medical university, there are several movements carried out by the Kholifah Abbasid Dynasty to welcome the establishment of the university, such as the translation movement carried out by Kholifah Al-Mansur and Harun Ar-Rasyid. The previous translation movement had occurred during the Umayyad Daula, the translation movement was spearheaded by Khalid bin Yazid bin Mu’awiyah through the collection and translation of Greek scientific literature.

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Then the big movement continued during the Daula ‘Abbasiyyah which was originally pioneered by the Caliph Al-Mansur, translation was carried out by translating books into Arabic from various languages, especially from Greece, Persia, and Syiriah. Uniquely, the translator at that time was not only carried out by the Muslims, but from Christianity and Majusi also contributed to improve science, the existence of collaboration became a form of love for science from people, religion, and cultural culture so as to create a new era called The Golden Age. Among the books translated into Bahara Arabic are the works of Galen, Hippocrates, and Dioscorides. With this is a significant contribution and can enrich scientific insights in Islamic medicine.

In the service and operation of the University of Medicine and the Education System. The Kholifah and the scholars in Abbasid, always maintain Islamic principles such as ethics, cleanliness, and friendly care for patients in medical practice, thus creating high-standard medical service ethics.

2. Innovation in the development of pharmaceutical science

Muslim scientists during the Abbasid dynasty made various discoveries and innovations in the field of medicine, such as the development of surgical techniques, finding a human blood circulation system, research on human anatomy, the discovery of new drugs, and the development of pharmaceutical science that was widely carried out by scientists and doctors during the Abbasid dynasty.

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Among the many innovations and development of medical science carried out. Pharmacy science developed rapidly during the Abbasid dynasty, Pharmacy LLMU was a complement to medical science, so that Muslim doctors wrote about pharmacy and botanical as two very useful sciences in treatment, so that Ibn Sina in his monumental work, Al-Qonun Fi Al-Tibbi provided a volume specifically discussing medical materials and pharmacy.

He described in great detail about the sources of natural medicines, such as plants, various animals and mine goods. This work makes the historical foundation of Islamic medicine and pharmacy that developed very rapidly, because the scientists at that time were brave to try, study and innovate.

3. Al-Hikmah Temple Library as a Center for Science

In its position as a library, Al-ḥikmah’s bait is the first library that was established in the Islamic world with a high position, a book originating from the Greek language compiled in the al-ḥikmah temple in accordance with their respective fields. Arabic copies are chosen between people who are skilled in each field, in addition to mastering Greece and Arabic.

The main purpose of the creation of Baitul Hikmah is to collect and copy foreign knowledge in Arabic. Furthermore, Baitul Hikmah continues to develop as an archive of the ancient books obtained from Persia, Byzantium, Etiopia and India. One of the factors of the creation of Baitul Hikmah is the progress of science as a result of the growth of prosperity and economic progress, in addition to the provisions relating to the obligation to study.

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At the Abbasiah Dynasty, medical science or treatment can be said to be quite rapidly developing. This is marked by the establishment of the Jundi Shapur Medical University. The establishment of the Health Academy to educate doctors and expand access to medical education to the wider community. And also the establishment of Al-Mansur Bimaristan Hospital in Baghdad.

But what we must pay attention to now is how medical science during the Abbasid dynasty can develop rapidly, and become a pioneer of modern medical science, namely because of the many scholars who want to develop and innovate to be able to formulate a new science in the world of medicine. Thus, medical science during the Abbasid dynasty has a very important role in the development of medical science globally and contributes a major contribution to the medical knowledge that we have today.

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Penullis: Mohammad Azril Rizqi Ramadhani
Editor: Rara Zaryry